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Understanding DNS, CDN, and object storage (S3).

Choose between SQL and NoSQL databases based on data consistency requirements and read/write patterns.

A successful system design interview relies heavily on your communication framework. Use this step-by-step approach:

If you're unable to find a free PDF download of "Hacking the System Design Interview", here are some alternative resources to help you prepare for system design interviews:

Spend the first 5 minutes asking clarifying questions. Define functional requirements (what the system does) and non-functional requirements (availability, scalability, latency).