Evaluates the metallurgical changes, micro-cracks, and residual stresses induced by thermal processes like EDM, LBM, and PAM.
Die-making, mold cavities, and drilling micro-holes in hardened tool steels. Laser Beam Machining (LBM): modern machining process p.c. pandey pdf download
Engineers group these processes by the type of energy they use. 1. Mechanical Processes These methods use physical force at very high speeds. Evaluates the metallurgical changes