Because NLMs ran in "Ring 0" (the highest privilege level of the CPU), they had direct access to the hardware. This resulted in blistering throughput but required flawlessly written code; a single poorly written NLM could crash the entire server. 2. IPX/SPX vs. TCP/IP: The Networking Backbone
If you're looking to dive back in, you can still find drivers and support files for legacy hardware on sites like or archive repositories.
In 1993, CD-ROM drives were expensive luxuries. NetWare 3.12 included native support for mounting CD-ROMs directly as read-only network volumes. This allowed an entire company to share reference materials, software installers, and databases from a single, centrally located disc. 4. The NetWare Protocol Stack: IPX/SPX
Long live the Bindery.
