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Origins

: Hundreds of unregulated fishball factories, weaving mills, and bakeries thrived.

By the 1970s and 80s, this vacuum had morphed into a hyper-dense, anarchic wonderland. Without zoning laws or building codes, residents built upward, sideways, and inward. The infamous "darkness" of the city was literal: the maze-like corridors blocked sunlight, and the internal alleyways were perpetually shrouded in shadow, lit only by bare fluorescent bulbs and the glow of illicit workshops.

Located in , the area was originally a Chinese military fort. Following the 1898 convention that leased the New Territories to Britain, China retained a presence in the Walled City, creating a "sovereignty vacuum".

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